A review of literature on Compound 21-loaded gelatin nanoparticle: a promising nose-to-brain therapy for multi-infarct dementia

Abstract Multi-infarct dementia (MID) is described as a chronic progressive decline in cortical cognitive function due to the occurrence of multiple infarcts cerebral vascularization throughout gray and white matter. Current therapies MID mostly focus only on slowing down progression symptomatic medications. A novel therapy which able provide both preventive curative properties for high interest. The purpose this review identify potential Compound 21 (C21) gelatin nanoparticle through nose-to-brain route MID. C21, an angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, has shown reduce size infarct rodent models, resulting preservation improvement overall prevention secondary neurodegenerative effects. It also that C21 decreases neuronal apoptosis, improves damaged axons, encourage synapse development. challenge remains preventing systemic AT2R activation increasing its low oral bioavailability can be overcome administration C21. Nose-to-brain drug delivery significantly increases efficiency limits exposure order specifically target located cortex. Adhering onto nanoparticles may enable longer contact time with olfactory trigeminal nerve endings, potency In summary, treatment shows vascular dementia. However, clinical trials must further studied test safety efficacy